Who Invited Pizza?

Specifically, baker Raffaele Esposito from Naples is often given credit for making the first such pizza pie. Historians note, however, that street vendors in Naples sold flatbreads with toppings for many years before then. Legend has it that Italian King Umberto I and Queen Margherita visited Naples in 1889.
Who invented pizza? Specifically, baker Raffaele Esposito from Naples is often given credit for making the first such pizza pie. Historians note, however, that street vendors in Naples sold flatbreads with toppings for many years before then. Legend has it that Italian King Umberto I and Queen Margherita visited Naples in 1889.

Who really invented pizza?

Pizza was first invented in Naples, Italy as a fast, affordable, tasty meal for working-class Neapolitans on the go. While we all know and love these slices of today, pizza actually didn’t gain mass appeal until the 1940s, when immigrating Italians brought their classic slices to the United States.

When was pizza originally invented?

Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century. The word pizza was first documented in 997 AD in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.

Who invented pizza Italian or Greek?

But the modern birthplace of pizza is southwestern Italy’s Campania region, home to the city of Naples. Founded around 600 B.C. as a Greek settlement, Naples in the 1700s and early 1800s was a thriving waterfront city.

Who invented pizza Raffaele Esposito?

Raffaele Esposito was the most well-liked pizza maker in Naples and is credited with being the first person to make this pizza. Since it was so well-liked, he was called to make one of his infamous pizzas for the visit of King Umberto and Queen Margherita of Italy in the year of 1889.

Did the Greeks invent pizza?

Although Italy has the fame for creating pizza the history of pizza dates back many hundred years to the ancient Greeks. The Greeks were known to baked large flat unleavened bread topped with oils, herbs, spices and dates. Their creation loosely resembled what is known today as pizza.

Who invented Hawaiian pizza?

Sam Panopoulos, a Greek-born Canadian, created the first Hawaiian pizza at the Satellite Restaurant in Chatham, Ontario, Canada in 1962. Inspired in part by his experience preparing Chinese dishes which commonly mix sweet and savory flavours, Panopoulos experimented with adding pineapple, ham, bacon and other toppings.

Why pizza is called pizza?

Pizza could come from the Greek word “pitta” meaning “pie”, or the Langobardic word “bizzo” meaning “bite”. It was first recorded in a Latin text dated 997 in Italy and entered into an Italian-English dictionary in 1598 as “a small cake or wafer.”

Who invented pasta?

While some historians believe pasta originated in Italy, most are convinced Marco Polo actually brought it back from his epic voyage to China. The earliest known pasta was made from rice flour and was common in the east. In Italy, pasta was made from hard wheat and shaped into long strands.

Who invented the sandwich?

In 1762, John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich®, invented the meal that changed dining forever. As the story goes, he was playing cards and did not want to leave the gaming table to eat. He asked for a serving of roast beef to be placed between two slices of bread so he could eat with his hands.

What is pizza called in Italy?

A popular variant of pizza in Italy is Sicilian pizza (locally called sfincione or sfinciuni), a thick-crust or deep-dish pizza originating during the 17th century in Sicily: it is essentially a focaccia that is typically topped with tomato sauce and other ingredients.

Is pizza more Italian or American?

If you ask anyone what kind of cuisine pizza is, you wouldn’t be surprised if they answered Italian. That isn’t wrong. Pizza gets its roots from Italy. However, its history is much richer than that and America has a big part of it.

What is pizza called in Greece?

Boat-shaped Greek pizza or Peinirli / Peynirli is a traditional dish that was brought by the Greeks who lived by the Black Sea almost 100 years ago. This Greek pizza recipe is a different take on the traditional italian pizza or calzone.

Who invented Greek pizza?

The Romans, who adapted many Greek customs and habits, naturally adopted the idea of baking plakous in the oven after putting the ingredients of their choice on top. Italian folklore says that pizza as we know it today originated in a primitive form in Naples as the food of the poor.

Who invented pizza in Greece?

When one thinks of pizza they usually think of Italy. Most assume the infamous pizza was invented by the Italians. However, about 2700 years ago, the Greeks invented a flat bread called ‘Plankuntos’.

What was the first pizza ever made?

Pizza in early history. The origins of pizza in its earliest incarnation is dubious.

The Birth of Pizza: Naples,Italy.

Margherita: Pizza Fit For A Queen.

Up Next: The History of Pizza In America.

When You’re On Pizza Planet,You Gotta Have It!

Who made the first pizza?

The comedy-drama, set in the 1970s San Fernando Valley, is Alana’s very-first acting gig, and the singer says she was shocked when Anderson called her up to be part of his cast.

How made the first pizza?

The first pizza is believed to have been made in Naples by Raffaele Esposito in 1889. Other variations of flat breads with and without toppings were created previously by Egyptians and Greeks. Esposito owned a restaurant called Pizzeria di Pietro, and baked the savory pie for Italian King Umberto I and Queen Margherita.

Who Invented Pizza?

1. Pizza has a long and illustrious history.
2. Ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks all ate flatbreads with a variety of fillings and toppings.
3. A variant with herbs and oil was served to the latter, which was comparable to today’s focaccia.) However, the current birthplace of pizza is the Campania area in southwestern Italy, which is home to the city of Naples.
4. Naples, which was founded as a Greek village around 600 B.C., was a prosperous beachfront city in the 1700s and early 1800s, and it is still so today.
5. Although it was technically an autonomous kingdom, it was infamous for the swarms of laboring poor, known as lazzaroni.
6. As Carol Helstosky, co-author of Pizza: A Global History and an associate professor of history at the University of Denver, explains, ″the closer you got to the bay, the more dense their population was.

And much of their living was done outdoors, sometimes in homes that were little more than a room.″ These Neapolitans required food that was economical and could be devoured in a short period of time.Pizza, which are flatbreads with a variety of toppings that can be eaten for any meal and are offered by street vendors or casual restaurants, filled this void perfectly.″Judgmental Italian authors frequently referred to their eating habits as ‘disgusting,’″ according to Helstosky.The delectable toppings that are still popular today, like as tomatoes, cheese, oil, anchovies, and garlic, were originally found on the pizzas devoured by the poor of Naples.

WATCH: Full episodes of The Food That Built America are available to stream right now.New episodes of HISTORY air on Sundays at 9 p.m.and 8 p.m.ET.King Umberto I and Queen Margherita paid a state visit to Naples in 1889, following the unification of Italy in 1861.

1. According to legend, the traveling couple grew dissatisfied with their continuous diet of French gourmet cuisine and requested a selection of pizzas from the city’s Pizzeria Brandi, which was created in 1760 and is the successor of Da Pietro pizzeria.
2. The pizza mozzarella kind was the one that the queen preferred the most; it was a pie covered with soft white cheese, red tomatoes, and green basil.
3. In fact, it’s possible that it wasn’t a coincidence that her favorite pie was decorated in the colors of the Italian national flag.

1. According to legend, that particular topping combination became known as ″pizza Margherita″ from that point on.
2. The blessing of Queen Margherita might have marked the beginning of an Italian pizza obsession that would spread throughout the country.
3. However, pizza would not become widely popular in Italy until the 1940s, when it spread beyond the confines of Naples.
4. However, thousands of miles away, immigrants to the United States from Naples began reproducing their dependable, crusty pizzas in New York and other American cities, including Trenton, New Haven, Boston, Chicago, and St.

• Louis, as well as in other parts of the world.
• The Neapolitans, like millions of other Europeans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, were not looking to make a gastronomic statement; rather, they were looking for manufacturing employment.
• However, non-Neapolitans and non-Italians began to be intrigued by the smells and scents of pizza quite rapidly after its introduction.
• Continue by scrolling down.

1. One of the earliest known pizzerias in the United States was G.
2. (for Gennaro) Lombardi’s on Spring Street in Manhattan, which was granted a license to serve pizza in 1905.
3. In the past, the meal had either been produced from scratch or sold by illegal vendors.
4. Lombardi’s, which is still in business today after being relocated from its original location in 1905, ″has the same oven as it did originally,″ according to culinary critic John Mariani, author of How Italian Food Conquered the World (How Italian Food Conquered the World).

MORE INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND AT: Meet the Long-Lost Father of New York City PizzaAs every pizza enthusiast knows, heated debates about whose slice is the best in town often ensue.Mariani, on the other hand, credited three East Coast pizzerias for keeping the century-old tradition alive: Totonno’s (Coney Island, Brooklyn, launched in 1924); Mario’s (Arthur Avenue, the Bronx, opened in 1919); and Pepe’s (New York City, inaugurated in 1924).(New Haven, opened 1925).Because of the large influx of Italian-Americans and their food as they moved from city to suburb, east to west, particularly after World War II, pizza’s popularity in the United States increased dramatically.

• No longer considered a ″ethnic″ treat, it has increasingly been characterized as a quick and enjoyable meal.
• Regional, clearly non-Neapolitan variants arose, eventually resulting in California-style gourmet pizzas topped with everything from grilled chicken to smoked salmon, among other ingredients.
• Pizza made after World War II eventually made its way to Italy and beyond.
• ″Pizza, like blue jeans and rock and roll, was adopted by the rest of the world, including the Italians, simply because it originated in the United States,″ argues Mariani.
• There are around 60 different nations where foreign branches of American franchises such as Domino’s and Pizza Hut operate today.
• As a reflection of regional preferences, worldwide pizza toppings might range from Gouda cheese in Curaçao to hardboiled eggs in Brazil, among other things.

1. WATCH: Full episodes of The Food That Built America are available to stream right now.

Who Invented Pizza?

1. Pizzerias have been around for a very long time.
2. Ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks all ate flatbreads with a variety of toppings.
3. A variant with herbs and oil was consumed by the latter, which was comparable to today’s focaccia.
4. While pizza originated in Naples, it is now considered to be the contemporary birthplace of the dish in southwestern Italy’s Campania area.
5. Naples was a bustling beachfront city in the 1700s and early 1800s, having been founded around 600 B.C.
6. as a Greek town.

However, although it was technically a separate country, it was well-known for the swarms of working-class citizens known as lazzaroni.As Carol Helstosky, co-author of Pizza: A Global History and an associate professor of history at the University of Denver, explains, ″the closer you got to the bay, the more dense their population was.And they spent most of their time outdoors, sometimes in homes that were little more than a room.″ Because these Neapolitans were on a tight budget, they needed food that was easy to prepare and consume fast.Pizza, which are flatbreads with a variety of toppings that can be eaten for any meal and are offered by street vendors or casual restaurants, filled this void well.

‘Disgusting’ was a term frequently used by judgmental Italian authors, according to Helstosky.The delectable toppings that are still popular today, like as tomatoes, cheese, oil, anchovies, and garlic, were first used on the pizzas enjoyed by the poor of Naples.The Food That Built America is available to watch in its entirety online.The History Channel broadcasts new episodes every Sunday at 9/8c.King Umberto I and Queen Margherita paid a state visit to Naples in 1889, following the unification of Italy that year.

1. After becoming dissatisfied with their constant diet of French gourmet cuisine, it is said that the traveling couple requested a variety of different pizzas from the city’s Pizzeria Brandi, which was founded in 1760 and is the successor of Da Pietro pizzeria.
2. It was pizza mozzarella, a pie covered with soft white cheese, red tomatoes, and green basil, that the queen favored the most while she was in the kitchen.
3. In fact, it’s possible that it wasn’t a coincidence that her favorite pie was decorated in the colors of the Italian flag.

1. According to legend, that particular topping combination became known as ″pizza Margherita″ from that point forward.
2. In Italy, it is possible that the blessing of Queen Margherita was the beginning of a pizza mania that spread across the country.
3. However, pizza would not become widely popular in Italy until the 1940s, and even then, only inside the confines of Naples itself.
4. However, thousands of miles away, immigrants to the United States from Naples began reproducing their dependable, crusty pizzas in New York and other American cities, including Trenton, New Haven, Boston, Chicago, and St.

• Louis, as well as in other European countries.
• These immigrants, like millions of other Europeans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, were not looking to make a gastronomic statement; instead, they were looking for manufacturing employment.
• However, non-Neapolitans and non-Italians began to be drawn in by the flavors and scents of pizza quite rapidly.
• Continue by moving your cursor over the next paragraph.

1. It was G.
2. (for Gennaro) Lombardi’s on Spring Street in Manhattan in 1905 that became one of the earliest known pizzerias in the United States.
3. In the past, the meal had either been cooked from scratch or sold by unauthorized vendors.) It is still in business today despite the fact that it is no longer at its original site from 1905, and ″has the same oven as it did initially,″ according to John Mariani, book of How Italian Culinary Conquered the World, a food critic and food historian.
4. FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE READ THESE STATEMENTS.

Meet the Long-Lost Father of New York City PizzaAs every pizza enthusiast knows, arguments about whose slice is the best in town can get intense.Totonno’s (Coney Island, Brooklyn, founded in 1924) and Mario’s (Arthur Avenue, the Bronx, opened in 1919) are three East Coast pizzerias that Mariani credits with keeping the century-old tradition alive: Totonno’s, Mario’s, and Pepe’s (New Haven, opened 1925).During and after World War II, as Italian-Americans and their food made their way from city to suburb, east to west, the popularity of pizza soared across the United States and into other countries.It was no longer seen as a ″ethnic″ delicacy, but rather as a quick and enjoyable meal.

• Region-specific, very non-Neapolitan variants arose, ultimately incorporating California-style gourmet pizzas topped with everything from grilled chicken to smoked salmon, among other ingredients.
• Pizza made after World War II eventually made its way to Italy and other countries across the world.
• Because pizza is an American invention, it has spread around the world, including Italy, as Mariani explains.
• ″Pizza, like blue jeans and rock and roll, has spread throughout the world, including Italy,″ he says.
• There are over 60 distinct nations where worldwide branches of American brands such as Domino’s and Pizza Hut operate today.
• From Gouda cheese on Curaçao to hardboiled eggs in Brazil, global pizza toppings may reflect a wide range of regional tastes and preferences.

1. The Food That Built America is available to watch in its entirety online.

When Was Pizza Invented?

1. Flatbreads have been made by humans for thousands of years.
2. It is uncertain what the very first flatbread was, although it might have been anything from pita bread to naan to tortilla to pancake to a crepe.
3. However, it wasn’t until 1889 that the first pizza was made available.
4. On March 11th, 1889, the Italian city of Naples witnessed the creation of the world’s first pizza.
5. Raffaele Esposito, an Italian baker, came up with the idea for this pizza.
6. His creation was constructed in honor of Queen Margherita.

From 1878 until 1900, Italy was ruled by King Umberto and Queen Margherita, who reigned as King and Queen.The Queen was interested in trying pizza, but she was adamant about not eating the white bread that was being served at the moment.Consequently, Esposito created a pizza that was topped with tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, and fresh basil.The colors of the pizza were inspired by the colors of the Italian flag, which were red, white, and green.

Due to the Queen’s enthusiasm for this pizza, she gave it her personal name: ″Pizza Margherita.″ For a variety of reasons, pizza is a highly popular cuisine in many nations today.It tastes great and is simple to prepare at home.The first written mention of pizza was discovered in southern Italy during the seventh century A.D.Cheese, tomatoes, garlic, and anchovies were frequently used in the preparation of this meal.Antonio Latini wrote the first pizza cookbook in Naples, Italy, in 1790, and it is still in print today.

1. Pizza is usually considered to be an Italian cuisine that consists of a yeasted flatbread that is often covered with tomato sauce and mozzarella before being cooked in an oven, contrary to popular belief.
2. Pizza was served in the Neapolitan area of Italy as early as the 18th century, according to historical records.
3. When United States troops landed in Italy and were introduced to this meal, the dish gained popularity in the United States.

1. It is now referred to as ″comfort food.″

Where Was Pizza Invented?

Pizza was first made in Italy, however the exact place of its creation is up for debate. The creation of pizza is attributed to a baker from Naples, according to Italian folklore; however, some sources indicate that it was developed in Sicily.

First Pizza in the United States

1. Gennaro Lombardi opened the first pizza restaurant in the United States in New York City in 1905, making it the country’s first.
2. Lombardi’s was the original name of the establishment, which was situated at 53 1/2 Spring Street.
3. Lombardi’s is still in business today and is the oldest pizza in the city of New York, having opened its doors in 1899.
4. When tomato sauce, cheese, and other toppings were piled on top of a flatbread, the result was the pizza that we know today.
5. Originally, the toppings included anchovies, olives, capers, onions, garlic, artichoke hearts, broccoli rabe, prosciutto, basil leaves, black pepper, and salami, among other ingredients.
6. Pizza became popular during World War II, when many American soldiers stationed overseas would order it from their local pizzerias.

It was at this time that pizza became widely available.Because of the bigger crusts and toppings such as pepperoni and sausage, the American pizza eventually developed in a distinct manner from the Italian pizza.Shakey’s Pizza Parlor was the first large pizza chain to establish in the United States, with its first branch opening its doors in 1954.Pizza Hut today has more than 7,000 outlets around the country, making it one of the country’s largest fast-food corporations.

History of Pizza

1. Pizza is a delectable dish that has been eaten for hundreds of years worldwide.
2. Although the earliest known pizza recipe was produced in Ancient Greece, the contemporary pizza as we know it today originated in the Italian city of Naples.
3. After being introduced to the country in the late nineteenth century, pizza became popular in the country in the twentieth.
4. While pizza was originally considered an ethnic meal, it has now evolved into one of the most popular foods in the United States.
5. Pizza has been around for thousands of years and is still popular today.
6. Many think that the first pizza recipe was created in Ancient Greece.

The Greeks would use flour, water, olive oil, and salt to form a flatbread that would be cooked in the hot ashes of the fire.The flatbread was covered with a variety of ingredients like as cheese, olives, and meats.Saganaki is the name given to this type of flatbread.This meal is still popular in Greece, as well as in many other countries across the world today.

The classic Neapolitan flatbread served as the foundation for the contemporary pizza.Tomatoes and cheese were not included on the first version of the pizza.Instead, fresh herbs and spices like as garlic, oregano, and basil, as well as meats such as anchovies and sausage, were sprinkled on top.Each of these pizzas was made by hand and roasted in a wood-burning oven until they were charred and crispy on the outside edges.The name ″pizza″ is derived from an Italian word that literally translates as ″pie.″ Even though these early pizzas were not spherical like pies, they were rectangular in shape, similar to slices of bread (they were referred to as ″tartiflette″).

1. The term remained, though.
2. Pizza with tomatoes was first served in 1889, making it the world’s oldest pizza.
3. It is said that Queen Margherita of Italy requested that this particular combination of foods be presented at her royal feast in Rome.

1. To meet this request, Raffaele Esposito developed a pizza using tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, and basil leaves, as well as the colors of Queen Margherita’s favorite things: red (tomatoes), white (mozzarella), and green (basil leaves) (basil).
2. In modern times, this combination is known as Pizza Margherita, and it is one of the numerous classic styles of pizza available for purchase at a variety of pizzerias.
3. The contemporary pizza, which has a crust that is pushed out from the center to form a lip, originated in the Italian city of Naples.
4. In 1830, Raffaele Esposito founded the city’s first pizza, which is still in operation today.

The Love for Pizza

1. Pizza is a food that is liked by people of many races, genders, and ages.
2. It is a universal food.
3. It is a cuisine that can be tailored to suit any palate and any economic requirements.
4. This dish may be ordered in a variety of ways, and it comes with a range of various toppings.
5. Pizza, with its variety of toppings ranging from pepperoni to pineapple, is a wonderful and entertaining lunch for the whole family.
6. A large part of the reason pizza is so popular is because it tastes wonderful and can be prepared in less than 15 minutes from start to finish.

Pepperoni is the most popular pizza topping in the United States.Among the various topping options are beef, ham, Italian sausage, bacon pieces (both sliced and whole), chicken, shrimp, anchovies, green peppers, mushrooms, and black olives, to name a few.Pizzerias can be served with or without cheese, and their crusts can range from thin to deep dish pan-style, depending on the style of the pizza being served.There are many other sorts of sauces that may be used on pizzas, including tomato sauce and Alfredo sauce, which are both delicious.

Despite the fact that it did not originate in the United States, it is unquestionably one of the most popular meals throughout the whole country.

The Delicious History of Pizza

1. Every ethnicity, gender, and age group may love pizza since it is universally appealing.
2. There are several ways to personalize this dish to suit any palate or budget.
3. In addition to the numerous different toppings available, it can be ordered in several ways.
4. A tasty and entertaining lunch for the whole family, pizza is available with anything from pepperoni to pineapple.
5. A large part of the reason pizza is so popular is because it tastes wonderful and can be prepared in less than 15 minutes from scratch.
6. A common pizza topping in the United States is pepperoni.

Other options for toppings include beef, ham, sausage, bacon bits, chicken, shrimp, anchovies, green peppers, mushrooms, and black olives, in addition to pepperoni.Pizzerias can be served with or without cheese, and their crusts can range from thin to deep dish pan-style, depending on the type of the pizza being made.The sauces used on pizza can also be very varied, including tomato sauce and alfredo sauce, among others.It may not have originated in the United States but it is unquestionably one of the most popular meals in the country, regardless of where it is served.

Not only is pizza one of the most popular foods in the world, but it also has a fascinating history.

1. As a youngster growing up 90 minutes north of Chicago, I was introduced to deep dish pizza for the first time.
2. It was thick, creamy, ooey gooey, and packed with all of the flavors I adored.
3. Although some may consider me a traitor in the long-running Chicago vs.
4. New York pizza rivalry, my 17 years in New York City have confirmed my taste for a thinner crust.
5. Don’t get me wrong: I still enjoy a good deep dish pizza and have a great respect for the wide range of dough and topping options available today that the person who developed pizza could never have anticipated.
6. However, during my time in Chicago, I’ve learned to enjoy the simplest things in my life as a pizza enthusiast.

Given that I travel for around four months out of the year, I am fortunate to have the opportunity to sample pizza from all over the world, including Naples, Italy.It was there that I had my first taste of authentic Italian pizza.When compared to the American-style pies that are typically stuffed with an assortment of meats, cheeses, and veggies of varying degrees of quality, the two-ingredient pizza I encountered in Naples was created with nothing more than fine dough and great sauce.To answer your question, yes, it was very delectable.

However, given the fact that Naples is the origin of pizza, this should come as no surprise.As for the clever Italian who invented pizza, well, much like the guy who developed ice cream and the person who invented the hamburger, the identity of the person who invented pizza remains a little of a mystery.While the exact location of the world’s first pizza restaurant will likely never be revealed, there are some interesting facts about the meal that we can share with you.

Where was the first pizza made?

1. In spite of the fact that most people associate pizza with Italy as the birthplace of the meal, historians believe that it has a far longer history, given that you define pizza broadly.
2. Take, for instance, flatbreads as an example.
3. These were eaten by the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians, who topped them with a variety of oils and herbs.
4. Persians were baking flatbreads topped with cheese and dates as long back as the sixth century BCE, items that would be quite at home on the menu of a current gourmet pizza joint.
5. In actuality, pizza as we know it today originated as a type of flatbread that was popular in the poorer neighborhoods of Naples in Italy.

When was pizza originally invented?

1. Despite the fact that the majority of people associate pizza with Italy, historians believe that the dish has a far longer history—at least if you define pizza broadly.
2. Take, for example, flatbreads, which are baked flat.
3. Various oils and herbs were used to dress up these flatbreads in the ancient Greek, Roman, and Egyptian cuisines.
4. Persians were making flatbreads topped with cheese and dates as long back as the sixth century BCE, ingredients that would be quite at home on the menu of a current gourmet pizza restaurant.
5. Despite this fact, pizza as we know it today originated as a type of flatbread that was popular among the impoverished in the Italian city of Naples.

Who invented pizza margherita?

1. The story of how this pizza came to be is a little foggy, as is the case with many of the world’s finest inventions.
2. According to one version of the story, your favorite Friday night supper was developed when the soon-to-be monarch and queen of Italy visited Naples in 1889 and dined on a variety of dishes.
3. In an attempt to portray herself as a ″queen of the people,″ the future monarch insisted on eating in the same manner as the common people.
4. And that meant pizza, which is considered to be a poor man’s fare.
5. In order to sample many of Rafael Esposito’s pies, Margherita of Savoy called the top pizza maker in Naples, Rafael Esposito.
6. One that has been topped with garlic.

Another with anchovies strewn across it.And then another, this one topped with tomato sauce and a sprinkling of mozzarella cheese and basil on top.Esposito called the finished pizza ″pizza margherita″ after Margherita, the future queen of Italy, because it was her favorite (and coincidentally featured the colors of the Italian flag on it).Given that some of these elements cannot be verified, and some versions claim that Margherita was already queen when she tried pizza because she was tired with the French cuisine served at court, this is a possibility.

Despite the fact that the previous narrative appears to be a bit too good to be true, the restaurant (now known as Pizzeria Brandi) still has a plaque on its wall proclaiming it to be the birthplace of the pizza margherita.

When did pizza come to America?

1. Photograph by Mark Peterson for Getty Images As early as the 1910s, pizza was being served in restaurants across the United States.
2. It first appeared on the East Coast and in the Midwest, in cities such as Omaha, Nebraska, and Racine, Wisconsin, among others.
3. However, if we’re talking about the place where pizza first gained popularity in the United States, we’re talking about New York City, even if the city isn’t usually ranked first for having the greatest pizza in the country.
4. While Lombardi’s in Manhattan was the first licensed pizzeria in the United States when it opened its doors in 1905, pizza historian Peter Regas argues there is little evidence to support the claim that it was the first pizzeria in the city.
5. He believes that pizzerias may have initially opened in the borough of Brooklyn, which is across the river from Manhattan.

Who invented pepperoni pizza?

1. In contrast to the origins of pizza, which can be traced back to the city of Naples, the origins of pepperoni pizza could not be more far from the Italian capital.
2. Pepperoni, on the other hand, is despised by the Italians, and it is never used as a pizza topping in the nation.
3. According to Michael Harlan Turkell, presenter of the Modernist Pizza Podcast, the Ezzo family began manufacturing the sausage in Canastota, New York, in 1906, and they may have been the first to sell it pre-sliced at a grocery store.
4. However, according to culinary historians, it wasn’t until the 1950s, when a New Haven pizza joint put pepperoni on a pie, that the spicy sausage became popular as a pizza topping.
5. Nonetheless, it was not a widespread phenomena, at least not at the time.
6. Domino’s has a lot to do with the increase in popularity.

That is, in fact, the Domino’s.It may not be the most popular pizza chain in the United States or the greatest pizzeria in your state, but it has emerged as a big player in the industry.″Ezzobegan producing pepperoni for a little company named Domino’s in the 1980s,″ Turkell explains.Pepperoni became a popular pizza topping as a result of the fast expansion of Domino’s pizza, paired with the popularity of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cartoon series.

According to Turkell, some estimates indicate that pepperoni is now utilized as a topping on approximately half of all pizzas sold in the United States.

How did Hawaiian pizza originate?

• Hawaiian pizza, whether you like it or not, is bound to elicit discussion, and not only about its flavor. There’s also a disagreement over where it came from. You’ve already figured that, unlike Italian pizza, Hawaiian pizza did not make its way to your neighborhood pizzeria through the Italian peninsula. It may surprise you to hear that the meal, which is commonly topped with canned pineapple and ham, but may also contain peppers, bacon, and/or mushrooms, did not originate in Hawaii. The sweet and savory pie is thought to have originated in Canada, however this is not confirmed. Canada, you are correct. According to the Modernist Pizza book collection, Sam Panopoulos, a French Canadian, is widely credited with inventing the Hawaiian pizza in 1962, according to the book collection. The writers, on the other hand, point out that a 1957 advertisement for Francine’s Pizza Jungle in Oregon promised a Hawaiian pizza topped with pineapple, papaya, and green peppers, among other ingredients. The question is who deserves credit for developing it first: the previous Oregonian version, which had various fruits but no ham, or the Canadian version, which may have been the first to include what we now regard to be the traditional Hawaiian pizza? You are the final arbiter. Choose a classic topping such as green peppers, mushrooms, or eggplant instead if the thought of eating pineapple-topped pizza makes you uncomfortable. Alternatively, the next time you order a pie or pick up a frozen pizza, choose a pizza topping based on your zodiac sign as inspiration. Sources: Peter Regas, pizza historian
• Michael Harlan Turkell, presenter of the Modernist Pizza Podcast
• Modernist Pizza
• Ragazzi’s Pizza: ″Where Was the Hawaiian Pizza Invented?″
• Modernist Pizza
• Ragazzi’s Pizza: ″Where Was the Hawaiian Pizza Invented?″

Who Invented Pizza?

1. What was the process through which pizza was created?
2. Who is the inventor of pizza?
3. This question, like so many others pertaining to the development of items, is more difficult to answer than it appears at first glance.
4. According to historians, while humans have been eating pizza-like meals for a number of centuries, what we presently think of as pizza was invented less than 200 years ago, purportedly by Raffaele Esposito about 1889, and has been around since then.
5. Let’s take a closer look at the process of making pizza and the potential roots of the dish.

The Long History Of Pizza

1. People have been eating pizza-like meals for thousands of years, but not in the manner in which we currently understand the term.
2. Archaeologists from Italy and France working in Sardinia discovered signs of bread being baked about 7000 years ago, with evidence indicating that the bread was leavened, according to the researchers.
3. Flatbreads covered with dates and cheese were created by Persian King Darius the First’s warriors somewhere about the sixth century BCE, according to historians.
4. Also hypothesized is that the contemporary pizza may have been influenced by a meal called pizzarelle, a sort of Passover cookie relished by Roman Jews that was similar to current pizza.
5. Alternatively, it has been argued that various Italian paschal breads served as the inspiration for pizza.
6. Photo courtesy of cegoh through Pixabay, CC0.

Around the world, people have discovered many different varieties of flatbreads from different cultures.For example, the ancient Chinese had a flatbread known as bing, which was baked in the shape of a disk and served as a snack.In the meanwhile, India developed a flatbread known as paratha, which had fat that was baked into the bread.The cultures of South Asia and Central Asia both had unleavened bread and leavened bread, which were referred to as roti and naan, respectively.

Europe was also home to foods that were akin to the French quiche and the German zwiebelkuchen, which were both produced by mixing a flat pastry with veggies, meat, and cheese.Many people in the Mediterranean region consumed flatbreads that were topped with various ingredients such as oils, spices, and fruits.These foods were known to have been consumed by the Egyptians and the Greeks.At some point during the third century AD, a Roman historian named Cato the Edler wrote a history of the city, and one of his writings mentions a meal that was made of circular pieces of bread that had been garnished with herbs and olives.Cooking implements that were likely used to prepare such foods were excavated from Pompeii’s ruins, suggesting that citizens of the region produced similar foods around the time of the eruption of Mt.

1. Vesuvius in 72 C.E., nearly 200 years after Cato the Elder’s description appeared in the historian Virgil.

Pizza In Naples

1. Because bread and other food kinds are frequently mixed, it is not surprising that by the mid-1800s, people in Naples, Italy were enjoying flatbread topped with herbs and cheese.
2. One of the most widely accepted explanations for the origin of pizza is that the King and Queen of Italy, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia, visited the city in 1889 and requested that a restaurant owner by the name of Raffaele Esposito prepare some of the dishes for them while they were in residence.
3. The Pizzeria di Pietro was the name given to Esposito’s eatery.
4. Esposito is said to have produced three separate variations of the meal, according to popular belief.
5. One of these meals was topped with mozzarella cheese, tomato, and basil, which was meant to represent the three colors found on the Italian flag and was served as a centerpiece.
6. This meal is said to have been a favorite of Queen Margherita, and Esposito called it the Pizza Margherita in her honor.

The Pizzeria di Pietro is still in operation in Naples, however it is not totally certain that the events described in the narrative occurred as they are recounted, with some culinary historians questioning the authenticity of the story surrounding the development of the Margherita pizza.It is possible that the combination of flatbread and tomato as a topping is what gave birth to pizza as we know it today.It was believed by many Europeans during the 16th century that tomatoes were actually poisonous in nature, which was based on the fact that other fruits of the nightshade family of plants are frequently poisonous.As a result, tomatoes were not widely consumed in Europe and the Americas during this time period.

Nonetheless, by the 18th century, the habit of pairing tomatoes and flatbread had become widespread in and around Naples.Even though the narrative did not unfold precisely as it was described, pizza continues to be an enormously significant element of the history of gastronomy in Naples, as well as the history of the city as a whole, and of the world.There is an Italian trade club called the Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana that is devoted to preserving the history and traditions of Naples, as well as the pizza that is produced there.As stated by the American Viticulture and Production Network, a true Margherita Pizza can only be topped with basil, buffalo mozzarella, extra-virgin olive oil, and locally grown San Marzano tomatoes.During the late nineteenth century, a big inflow of Italian immigrants arrived in the United States, and it is claimed that this is when pizza first appeared in the country.

1. Possibly the very first pizzeria in North America was Gennaro Lombardi’s, which was established in 1905 on Spring Street in New York City’s Little Italy area by Gennaro Lombardi and opened its doors in 1905.
2. Although Lombardi’s restaurant has since closed, the building still exists and boldly states that it was home to the first pizzeria in the United States.
3. Over the course of the following century, pizzerias would spring up in cities with substantial Italian immigrant populations, including New York City, New Jersey, and even Chicago, among other locations.

1. While Chicago is now famed for its deep-dish style pizza, it wasn’t until 1943, during World War II, that the city’s first pizzeria, Uno, opened its doors for business.
2. However, it would not be until much later, in the 1950s, that pizza would begin to gain widespread popularity among the general public in the United States.
3. It was Rose Totino, a pizzeria proprietor, who was credited with the development of frozen pizza sometime in the 1950s.
4. The first Pizza Hut, which opened its doors in Wichita, Kansas, in 1958, was a pioneer in its field of endeavor.

• Domino’s Pizza would open its doors in 1960, while Little Ceasar’s would open its doors in 1959.
• Photo courtesy of Daria-Yakovleva through Pixabay, CC0 license.
• It is believed that Americans consume around 350 pieces of pizza per second in the United States today, based on current pizza consumption statistics.
• Pepperoni is the most common topping choice for pizza, with around 35% of all pizza slices being topped with pepperoni and cheese.

1. People’s favorite toppings vary from country to country, with minced mutton, pickled ginger, and paneer cheese being particularly popular in India.
2. For their part, Japanese pizzas, which are frequently topped with squid and eel and cooked with Mayo Jaga sauce, are popular meals in the country (mayonnaise made with bacon and potato in it).
3. Green peas are frequently used in the preparation of Brazilian pizzas.
4. Canada, like many other countries, has its distinct pizza culture.

A Canadian pizza is often made with bacon, mushrooms, mozzarella cheese, and tomato sauce as the primary ingredients.The use of mushrooms and bacon on the pizza is what distinguishes it as a ″Canadian″ pizza.Sliced pizza with spaghetti and tomato-based sauce is a popular dish provided in the province of Québec at numerous restaurants, and it is made by cutting a whole pizza in half, adding some spaghetti, and topping it with a tomato-based sauce.On occasion, spaghetti is used as a pizza topping, with the mozzarella cheese melted on top of the dish.

General Facts About Pizza

1. Here are a few interesting facts regarding pizza: New York, Boston, Trenton, New Jersey, and New Haven, Connecticut are the first four cities in the United States to offer pizza, according to historical records.
2. This group of four cities likewise held a significant number of Italian immigrants during the beginning of the twentieth century as well.
3. Originally, pizzas were exclusively sold by the pie, with the practice of selling pizza by the slice attributed to Patsy Lancieri of Patsy’s Pizzeria in New York City, who opened his establishment in 1933 and became the first to do so.
4. Other businesses rapidly imitated this approach after learning that selling pizza by the slice resulted in a significant increase in customer traffic.
5. It is true that ham and pineapple pizza is often known as Hawaiian pizza, however the Hawaiian pizza style was initially created by Sam Panopoulos in 1962.
6. Panopolous was a native of Greece who lived in Canada and operated a pizza there.

In addition to his work as a co-founder of the video game firm Atari, Nolan Bushnell had a part in spreading the popularity of pizza across the United States, according to his Wikipedia entry.Chucky cheese was established by Bushnell with the goal of earning more money out of videogame systems than ever before.Pizza Hut sent the first ever pizza delivery to outer space in 2001, sending a 6-inch salami pizza to the International Space Station, marking the beginning of the space age.NASA-funded scientists developed a 3-D printer in 2013 that could cook a pizza in around a minute and 15 seconds.

This was approximately 12 years after the original invention.The printer works by sprinkling micronutrients and tastes onto dough before baking it in the oven.A variety of mozzarella cheeses are used to make pizzas, each with its own distinct flavor.The great majority of pizzerias in the United States utilize a specific sort of mozzarella that is commonly referred to as ″pizza cheese.″ This mozzarella is prepared with either whole milk or half skim milk as the primary ingredient.Among the various varieties of mozzarella are burrata, a fresh Italian mozzarella famed for its creamy flavor, mozzarella di bufala, which is manufactured from the milk of water buffaloes in Italy, and fior di latte, which is created from cow’s milk rather than buffalo milk.

1. Super Bowl Sunday and Halloween are traditionally the most profitable days for pizzerias.
2. Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, and the day before Thanksgiving are among the busiest pizza delivery days of the year.
3. Dominick Monaghan, the creator of Domino’s Pizza, developed a business management curriculum, which he named the Domino’s College of Pizza-ology, after his son, Tom.

1. Monaghan holds an advanced degree in Pizza-ology, making him one of just a handful of people in the earth to hold such a qualification.

About Daniel Nelson PRO INVESTOR

1. Daniel has a Bachelor’s degree in computer science and is now pursuing a Master’s degree in the science of Human-Computer Interaction.
2. He wishes to be involved in initiatives that bridge the gap between the sciences and the humanities.
3. His educational and training background is extensive, and includes degrees in computer science, communication theory, psychology, and philosophy, among other subjects.
4. It is his goal to create material that educates, persuades, entertains, and inspires people throughout the world.

Who Invented Pizza?

Pizza is, without a question, the most popular item on the menu of any Italian establishment.Tomato sauce and cheese are spread on top of a baked flat bread, which is typically round in form and made from wheat flour and other ingredients such as salt, water, and yeast.According to the format of the bread, baking process, and materials used in its preparation, there are many possible variations.This exquisite food has a rich and distinguished history that deserves to be celebrated.

1. Continue reading to find out the real story behind the invention of pizza.
2. Pizza’s earliest known ancestors Pizza is one of the most well-known and widely consumed foods on the globe today, and for good reason.
3. Thousands of years have passed since it was first discovered.
4. According to some, it was invented in Greece, while others assert that it was invented in Egypt or North Africa..

Thus, it’s probable that the answer to who invented pizza is not as straightforward as it looks.There are many different interpretations of the truth.Among the several theories, the one that dates back more than 2,000 years to southern Italy is the most accurate.When I was growing up, folks would eat a type of freshly made flatbread that was quite similar to what we eat now.Without a doubt, the Italians are the great masters and the folks who promoted pizza all over the world, regardless of who invented it or who popularized it first.As a result of its expansion, pizza has long since ceased to be a uniquely Italian tradition, instead becoming an universal tradition and, more than a simple meal, a component of social culture.

1. It is associated with a number of events, and there are speciality restaurants of varying quality in several nations.
2. For those interested in learning more about the origins of pizza, we must travel back to Pompella and Naples in the early 16th century.
3. They were among the first cities in Italy to unearth evidence of a food that resembled what is now known as pizza, and they were among the first to do so.

1. It may be inferred from this that a certain sort of bread was consumed immediately after being baked in a wood stove’s oven.
2. It was seasoned with garlic, olive oil, buffalo milk cheese, rosemary, and other regional flavors, amongst other ingredients.
3. It’s more like focaccia in texture and flavor.
4. To prepare the popular ordinary pizza, a leavened flour dough is cooked in an oven until it is golden brown.

Thus, the roots of pizza may have originated in the Middle East, which is said to have been the birthplace of pizza in its modern-day incarnation.The bread was made in clay ovens in ancient Babylon, Egypt, and Israel, but it did not contain any yeast at the time of baking.the significance of the Margherita pizza For A Chance To Win A $50 Domino’s Gift Card, Complete the Entry Form.

Who is the creator of the margherita pizza, which is one of the most well-known and traditional recipes?According to legend, the monarchs of Italy paid a visit to the city in 1889 (near the end of the nineteenth century), and Esposito was tasked with preparing a pizza for the illustrious guests Umberto I and Queen Margherita Teresa of Savoy, who were among the guests.The ″margherita″ pizza was created using the colors of the Italian flag: red, white, and blue.Fresh tomatoes are a vibrant red in hue.

The mozzarella cheese is a bright white color.Basil’s favorite color is lime green.After a period of rapid growth in popularity, the meal came to be referred to as ″Queen Margherita.″ The tomato was believed to be dangerous at the time, according to the legend.Following that, it became one of the most important ingredients in these wonderful flatbreads.

• Various areas of the continent, including what is now Peru, are supposed to have been transported to Italy by Spanish ships during the Renaissance.
• The red fruit grew popular, and as a result, it became an essential component of various dishes.
• Although this famous dinner has evolved through time, the original components were more limited in variety than they are now.
• However, it is widely acknowledged that pizza, in its most fundamental form, needs the presence of some key ingredients in order to maintain its original composition: without these elements, the baked dough covered with tomato sauce and cheese would cease to be the popular pizza.
• Where did the invention of pizza begin?

Win a Wendy’s gift card by entering the contest.The truth is that this form of food was originated in Italy, and it had components that were quite comparable to those found in modern-day pizzas.A baker from Naples named Raffaele Esposito is credited with inventing what is now known as the pizza.If you know anything about Latin, you should know that its name is taken from that language.

It’s helpful to understand the history of pizza by understanding not just who developed it, but also where the name ″pizza″ originated.The name ″pizza″ has an origin that may be traced back to the Italian word ″pinsa.″ It’s the past participle of the Latin verb ″pinsere,″ which means ″to crush, to press, to flatten,″ and all of these meanings have something to do with the process of embellishing this dough and stretching it until it’s flat.″Pinsere″ is the past participle of the Latin verb ″pinsere,″ which means ″to crush, to press, to flatten.″

Who Invented Pizza?

Pizza is a huge element of the culture of the United States.This emotion is reflected in the approximately 74,000 pizzerias that dot the landscape of the United States.Everything from mom-and-pop shops to major chain restaurants such as Domino’s, Pizza Hut, and Papa John’s to the frozen versions that take up most of the freezer space at your local grocery store, pizza can be found almost wherever you look.Even more difficult to envision is a period when pizza did not exist, given that over 93 percent of persons in the United States had consumed at least one slice of pizza in the previous month.

1. Although it may seem strange to think about it, pizza as we know it today is a very recent invention.
2. Which raises the question of who invented pizza in the first place.
3. Which individual or group of individuals deserves to be credited in infusing the world’s population with such a delectable blend of ingredients?
4. The answers to such questions, however, are not as simple and straightforward as one might expect.

VERY EARLY INKLINGS

Pizza, in its most basic form, may be traced back to ancient times.Fiocca, a type of thin, soft wheat cake similar to focaccia, is mentioned frequently in ancient Roman, Greek, and Egyptian literature.Fiocca was traditionally served with a variety of toppings (mainly herbs) and drizzles of olive oil.That eating bread made more tasty by enriching it with toppings was the fundamental core of what would become contemporary pizza was established by this concept.

1. The ancient peoples of Rome, Greece, and Egypt may have laid the foundation for pizza, but they were not the ones who actually developed it, according to historical records.

THANK NAPLES FOR THE STAPLES

Each and every pizza enthusiast around the world owes a debt of gratitude to the Lazzaroni, or working-class poor, of Naples.These individuals were responsible for the invention of pizza sometime between the late 1700s and the early 1800s as a cost-effective means of feeding themselves during the long days they spent working on the shores of the waterfront city.Hardworking Lazzaroni would eat soft doughy bread topped with toppings that were not unlike to those we eat now, and they would be satisfied.The most prevalent toppings on these early pizzas were tomato, anchovies, garlic, olive oil, and cheese, which was occasionally sprinkled on top.

1. While the Lazzaroni’s concoction may sound delicious today, upper-class Italians of the time period found their concoction repulsive and despised it.
2. Consequently, pizza was mostly restricted to Naples’ impoverished working-class socioeconomic component for the foreseeable future.
3. Before King Umberto I and Queen Margherita gave it a second shot, the situation was bleak.
4. In 1889, the royal couple went on a vacation to Naples, where they indulged in a variety of regional pizzas and other dishes.

Queen Margherita, on the other hand, had a particular preference for a certain kind of pizza offered at Pizzeria Brandi.The type of pizza for which she had quickly developed a fondness was characterized by fresh tomatoes topped with generous helpings of fresh mozzarella and garnished with fresh basil; this was her favorite.Fresh ingredients made the pizza taste light and airy while still being absolutely delectably tasty.Following her discovery of a taste for the pizza, the dish became known as Pizza Margherita for the remainder of her life.Perhaps Queen Margherita can be attributed with the invention of the first regional form of pizza, which was popularized in the 1960s.

NEW YORK’S PIZZA PIONEER

During the later half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, a surge of Neapolitan immigrants made their way to the coasts of New York City.To be sure, those migrating to the United States from Naples took their culture and traditions with them, including their enthusiasm for pizza.As a result, when they arrived in the city, they immediately started creating pizza using the materials that were easily accessible and reasonably priced for them.In New York City, Gennaro Lombardi is credited as being the guy who developed pizza in the form that we know today.

1. When he founded Lombardi’s on Spring Street in Little Italy in 1905, he became the first person to offer the first New York Style Pie, which was named after him.
2. An authentic New York-style pizza crust is one that has been hand-tossed and is thin, soft, and foldable, and it is covered with a good amount of tomato sauce before being topped with a generous amount of mozzarella cheese that is equally dispersed around the pie.
3. Lombardi’s continues to be in business today.
4. Because Lombardi was a pioneer of early pizzerias in the United States, he served as an inspiration to other Italian immigrants who went on to create their own businesses.

Throughout the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s, pizzerias began to spring up throughout the boroughs of New York City and the surrounding areas of New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts, each offering their own take on the classic New York slice.Today, pizzerias can be found throughout the world.

CHICAGO’S CREATOR

Following the return of American servicemen to their homeland following the conclusion of World War II, the popularity of pizza soared in the United States.Soldiers stationed in Naples during World War II developed a taste for the inventive mixes of dough, sauce, cheese, and other toppings that the city’s bakers were creating.Pizza’s popularity in the United States skyrocketed as a result of its introduction from elsewhere.Suddenly, new types of pizza began to appear in locations far beyond of the Northeastern United States’ culinary corridor.

1. Developed in the aftermath of World War II, Chicago-style pizza was one of the first regional varieties to emerge.
2. Chicago-style pizza is a sort of deep dish pizza that is baked in a pan in order to produce a crust that is extremely soft, pillowy, and dense in texture.
3. It is customary in Chicago to build a deep-dish in reverse order, starting with the cheese on the bottom and working up to the tomato sauce and any other toppings.
4. Who actually originated pizza in the form that we know and love today in Chicago, though, is still up for discussion.

Tim Samuelson, the city of Chicago’s authorized cultural historian, explained that there are too many competing narratives to be definite about anything.To this day, the largely accepted belief holds that Ike Sewell, the founder of Pizzeria Uno, is credited with creating the design when he opened the restaurant in 1943.

DETROIT’S DESIGNER

When American soldiers returned home at the end of World War II, the popularity of pizza skyrocketed across the country.Soldiers stationed in Naples during World War II developed a taste for the inventive combinations of dough, sauce, cheese, and other toppings that the city’s restaurants were putting together.Pizza’s popularity in the United States skyrocketed as a result of its introduction from outside..All of a sudden, new types of pizza began to appear in places other than the Northeastern United States’ region.

1. Developed in the wake of World War II, Chicago-style pizza was one of the first regional varieties to emerge.
2. Chicago-style pizza is a form of deep-dish pizza that is baked in a pan in order to produce a crust that is extremely soft, pillowy, and dense in texture.
3. The cheese is placed on the bottom of the deep-dish, followed by the tomato sauce and any other toppings, and the dish is built in reverse.
4. But the exact origins of the pizza that Chicagoans have come to love are still a matter of much discussion.

The Cultural Historian for Chicago, Tim Samuelson, explained that there are too many contradicting reports to be definite about the events.In any case, the largely recognized idea holds that Ike Sewell, the founder of Pizzeria Uno, is responsible for inventing the style when he opened the restaurant in 1943.

THE CONCLUSION

Pizza is, without a doubt, the world’s meal.The legends of antiquity, the Lazzaroni family’s work ethic, Italian immigrants who fostered and shared their culture, and innovators who were not afraid to put their own touch on something delectable all contribute to the question of who developed pizza and when.There are a plethora of different types available in the United States, including those from St.Louis and California, in addition to the famous three.

1. Worldwide, countries have also evolved their own regional variants